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The earliest study regarding the health benefits of cherries was conducted in 1950 in patients with gout. Results from this study demonstrated that consumption of fresh or canned cherries prevented attacks of arthritis and restored blood concentration of uric acid, a marker for gout, to normal levels in all 12 patients. Furthermore, four patients reported greater freedom of joint movements in fingers and toes. These findings were published for more than five decades before the next human study regarding cherries and health was conducted in 2003.
Though consumption of sweet cherries or a tart cherry concentrate by healthy adults did not alter concentrations of blood lipids in one study noted in the review, another study on overweight and obese people with elevated cholesterol who took a tart cherry juice did show an improvement. This lead researchers to speculate that it was the study participants' lipid profile—rather than the type of cherry—that contributed to the different results between the two studies.2 More research is necessary to confirm whether this is true or not.
Exercise-induced muscle pain, soreness, and loss of strength were significantly reduced by cherry consumption in eight out of nine studies.2 However, all of these studies were conducted with tart cherry products—not sweet cherries—ranging from the equivalent of 50 to 270 cherries a day. Since black cherries contain the same active compounds as tart cherries it's thought that they could yield similar benefits, but there's currently no research to support that claim.
Taken together, the results from human, animal, and cell culture studies suggest that cherry consumption may improve the way the body absorbs and regulates blood sugar, researchers concluded. However, they called for future studies to confirm whether these findings translate to a reduced risk of diabetes.
Both quality and quantity of sleep were improved by the consumption of sweet as well as tart cherries, authors of the review article reported.2 Effect on sleep could be detected within three days of consuming sweet cherries (25 cherries a day) and within five days of consuming tart cherries (240 milliliters of tart cherry juice or around 100 tart cherries a day). The studies using sweet cherries also reported a decrease in cortisol, a marker for stress, and anxiety, as well as improved mood.
As for boosting mental functioning, researchers noted that while there are only limited numbers of published studies testing the effects of cherries on cognitive functions, several studies—including six out of seven human intervention studies and 17 out of 19 epidemiological studies—that assessed the effects of other anthocyanin-rich foods on cognitive functions reported significant benefits.